Appendix B: Biographies of 2010 contributors

Consumidores Argentinos, the association for the defence, education and information of consumers, was created in 1995 with the aim of protecting, informing and educating consumers about their rights. Beatriz Garcia Buitrago of Consumidores Argentinos, who was responsible for the delivery of its country report, is also currently a member of the Executive Council of Consumers International, and of the Steering Group that oversees CI's A2K project.

The Australian report was prepared by Jeremy Malcolm, CI's Project Coordinator for IP and Communications. Jeremy's background is as an information technology and intellectual property lawyer and IT consultant. He is admitted to the bars of the Supreme Court of Western Australia, High Court of Australia and Appellate Division of New York. Jeremy completed his PhD thesis in Law at Murdoch University in 2008 which was the first doctoral examination of the Internet Governance Forum. Until his most recent appointment Jeremy was the principal of Western Australia's first specialist IT law firm. He currently co-chairs the Civil Society Internet Governance Caucus.

Founded in 1978, Consumers Association of Bangladesh (CAB) is a non-government and non-profit voluntary organisation dedicated to the protection and promotion of consumers’ rights and interests in the country. It has 500 regular and 100 associate members. Its mission is to empower consumers with the knowledge and skills for the effective protection of their rights and interests. The major areas of CAB activities are: consumer information and education, surveillance and monitoring on market prices and quality of essential commodities and utility services, consumer complaint handling, campaign for safe foods and commodities, ethical drug promotion and safe environment, studies and research on consumer issues and problems, advocacy and lobbying with the government and policy makers for enactment of Consumer Protection Law.

The main objectives of IDEC are: to contribute to a balanced and fair marketplace; to enforce and enhance consumer legislations; to promote consumer welfare, especially access to quality products and services; to improve the standards of sustainable consumption; and more generally to further the goals of democracy by stimulating citizen awareness and participation. Idec tests and evaluates products and services (including public services) and produces ground-breaking research through reports and case studies which findings are disseminated through their monthly magazine Revista do Idec sent to members and subscribers throughout Brazil. IDEC handles about 20,000 complaints from consumers every year - these are mainly about health insurance, the banking sector and telecommunications.

Diogo Moyses who prepared the country report for IDEC is a journalist and broadcaster, and researcher in regulation and communication policies.

RACE is a network of organisations and individuals dedicated to representing and defending the interests and basic rights of energy consumers in Cameroon. It is the only organisation of its type to act as a watchdog in matter of management of the country's energy wealth. RACE publishes a regular newsletter called Energie Info with 5,000 subscribers.

The country report for Cameroon was prepared by Dieunedort Wandji of RACE.

Dr Michael Geist is a law professor at the University of Ottawa where he holds the Canada Research Chair in Internet and E-commerce Law. He has obtained a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) degree from Osgoode Hall Law School in Toronto, Master of Laws (LLM) degrees from Cambridge University in the UK and Columbia Law School in New York, and a Doctorate in Law (JSD) from Columbia Law School. Dr. Geist has written numerous academic articles and government reports on the Internet and law and was a member of Canada’s National Task Force on Spam. He is an internationally syndicated columnist on technology law issues with his regular column appearing in the Toronto Star, Ottawa Citizen, and the BBC. Dr. Geist is the editor of In the Public Interest: The Future of Canadian Copyright Law, published in 2005 by Irwin Law, the editor of several monthly technology law publications, and the author of a popular blog on Internet and intellectual property law issues. Dr. Geist serves on the Privacy Commissioner of Canada’s Expert Advisory Board, on the Canadian Digital Information Strategy’s Review Panel, the Electronic Frontier Foundation Advisory Board, and on the Information Programme Sub-Board of the Open Society Institute.

ONG Derechos Digitales was founded in January 2005. Among its most important objectives is the protection and promotion of fundamental Rights in the Internet, specially focused on privacy and copyright; to strengthen a freer culture, supported by a balanced copyright that allows major access to knowledge for all citizens in the digital environment.

Claudio Ruiz joined NGO Derechos Digitales in the second half of 2004 and today is President of the Corporation. He studied at the School of Law, University of Chile, where he was assistant professor of Constitutional Law and Freedom of Expression course: Legal and ethical dilemmas in comparative view. It was part of the academic staff of the General Education Course Towards a Constitution for Equality in Chile, offered at the same university. He has been assistant professor of the chair Theory of the Constitution and Fundamental Rights at the Faculty of Law at the Universidad Nacional Andrés Bello. He writes regular columns for national and foreign media. He is the Public leader of Creative Commons in Chile.

Dr Hong Xue is a Professor of Law and Director of the Institute for the Internet Policy and Law at Beijing Normal University. Prof Xue specializes in intellectual property law, information technology law and the Internet governance. Prof Xue was elected as one of the Ten Nationally Distinguished Young Jurists by the China Law Society. She works in many governmental and non-governmental organisations. She is the only Asian Scholar in the Executive Committee of the International Association for Promotion of the Advanced Teaching and Research of Intellectual Property (ATRIP) and the Editorial Board of World Intellectual Property Journal.

After serving as a founding member of the ICANN At-Large Advisory Committee for four years (2003-2007), she was appointed on the ICANN President’s Advisory Committee on Internationalised Domain Names, Nomination Committee and Fellowship Selection Committee. She is one of the founders of the Internet Users Organisation in the Asia-Pacific Region.

Dr Bassem Awad is a Chief Judge at the Egyptian Ministry of Justice. He also works as Lecturer of IP law at the regional centre of intellectual property, University of Helwan in cooperation with the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and Lecturer of intellectual property law for the postgraduate programmes at the Faculty of law, University of Alexandria. Dr. AWAD holds a PhD in Intellectual Property from the University of Montpellier in France, an LLM degree in IP from the same University and another LLM degree in International Business Law from the University of Paris I (Panthéon-Sorbonne).

Co-authoring the report with Dr Awad was Perihan Abou Zeid, an attorney at law, a senior lecturer at the faculty of Legal Studies and International Relations of Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, a post doctorate researcher at the Institute of Economic Law and Governance at the faculty of law of Vrije University in Brussels, and a part-time lecturer at the English department of the faculty of law at Beny Swaif University. She holds a PhD from the University of Beny Swaif, Egypt, and a LLM in international business law from the University of Hull, UK. She is the author of a book titled The Legal Protection of Pharmaceuticals: A Comparative Study on Egypt, E.U, U.S Laws, Monshaet El Maaref, 2008.

Ms Premila Kumar heads the Consumer Council of Fiji which is tasked with the responsibility of protecting the rights and interests of consumers. Prior to joining Consumer Council she was the Manager Investment Facilitation and Project Monitoring at the Fiji Islands Trade and Investment Bureau.

Having worked for the Department of Environment for more than ten years, she is also interested in the links between trade and environment. Mrs. Kumar also lectured at the Fiji College of Advanced Education. Mrs. Kumar obtained her Masters degree in the area of trade and environment (with Distinction) from the Netherlands. She also has a Bachelor of Science degree (first Division) and Post Graduate Diploma in Biology and Post Graduate Certificate in Education.

The Centre for Internet and Society, Bangalore will critically engage with concerns of digital pluralism, public accountability and pedagogic practices, in the field of Internet and Society, with particular emphasis on South-South dialogues and exchange. Through multidisciplinary research, intervention, and collaboration, it seeks to explore, understand, and affect the shape and form of the Internet, and its relationship with the political, cultural, and social milieu of our times.

Pranesh Prakash works as Programme Manager at the Centre for Internet and Society, Bangalore. He is a graduate with a degree in Arts and Law from National Law School, Bangalore, with keen interest in the law, economics, and culture of intellectual property rights. He was part of the founding committee of the Indian Journal of Law and Technology, and was part of the editorial board of that journal for two years. He's been a member of NLS's Law and Technology Committee, as well as its Literary and Debating Society, and has represented the university as an adjudicator in parliamentary debating at the international level. He is most interested in interdisciplinary research on IP and property law, freedom of speech, and privacy. He has worked with practising lawyers, civil society organizations, and law firms.

Established in 1973, YLKI is the first and the largest consumer organisation in Indonesia. YKLI’s main activities are: handling of consumer complaints, research, education, publication and providing data and information. Consumer issues handled by YLKI vary from public utilities (electricity, water, telecommunication), to rights to basic needs such as housing, banking, health, food safety and education. Nowadays, issues relating to liberalisation have become increasingly important with an impact on almost all public sectors and on consumers’ access. Amongst the campaign tools used by YLKI are advocacy, solidarity, networking and dissemination of independent and balanced information.

Joining YLKI in the production of the country report was ICT Watch, a non-profit civil society institution legally established in 2002 at Jakarta, by a group of young people who sharing their common concern to Information and Communication Technology (ICT) implementation and empowering in Indonesia. ICT Watch focus on research and social campaign activities, particularly those related to ICT. In performing its activities, ICT Watch always cooperate hand-in-hand with other stakeholders who have similar vision and mission.

The report from Israel was prepared by researchers Dr Nimrod Kozlovski and Nati Davidi. Nimrod Kozlovski is a researcher, lecturer and consultant in the fields of internet and information law and information security. He received his doctor degree in law (JSD) from Yale Law School and conducted his Post-Doc research in computer science as an associate in the computer science department at Yale University. Dr. Kozlovski consults to start-ups, high-tech companies and governmental bodies and serves in the advisory board of several technological companies. He was an Adjunct Professor for CyberCrime at New York Law School and is currently a lecturer in cyberlaw and e-commerce at Tel-Aviv University.

Nati Davidi was the project lead for Creative Commons Israel in the development of its localised Creative Commons licences. The Israeli branch of Creative Commons was founded in 2004 sponsored by the Center for Law and Technology at Haifa University. Nati Davidi joined the team in 2006.

Nippon Consumer Voice for Better Standards (NCOS) was created in 2004 and is the only not-for-profit consumer organisation in Japan dedicated exclusively to standards. NCOS has three main areas of activities: organising seminars which promote consumer interests on standard-related issues such as CSR and product safety; promoting consumer representation and participation into standards development; improving standards which are currently implemented and providing better research. Child safety is NCOS' priority issue for 2008. NCOS is also currently preparing the report of a survey which seeks to provide information on what Japanese mothers think about various aspects of child safety in Japan.

The Jordanian report was prepared by Rami Olwan and Ziad Maraqa. Mr. Rami Olwan is an Australian Government PhD scholarship candidate at Queensland University of Technology (QUT) since February 2008. He graduated from the University of Yarmouk Faculty of Law (Jordan), with an LL.B. in 1997, and obtained an LL.M. from Buckingham University Law School (UK) in 2000. Mr Olwan obtained a scholarship from the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard Law School to attend the Internet Law program in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in March 2003. He also obtained an LL.M. from Columbia University Law School in 2007 on a scholarship from Open Society Institute.

Prior to joining QUT, Mr. Olwan was working as a legal consultant in e-commerce law in Jordan, United Arab Emirates and the Sultanate of Oman from 2000 to 2005. He specializes in domain names and digital copyright issues. Mr. Olwan interned with the World Intellectual Property Organization in New York in 2007. Mr Olwan has published articles in various journals, including the Kuwait Law Journal and the United Arab Emirates University Law Journal. He has been a member of the Jordanian Bar since 2001 and he is fluent in Arabic and English.

Zaid Maraqa is Project Lead for Creative Commons Jordan, and Legal Cases & Court Decisions Manager at Talal Abu Ghazaleh intellectual property.

The Consumer Information Network (CIN) is a leading consumer organisation in Africa which has developed a sound expertise in the areas of the environment, food safety, health and trade. It is an autonomous, non-profit making, non-sectarian and non-political national consumer organisation founded in Nairobi in 1994 with three regional offices. Today, CIN represents consumers in a number of decision and policy making boards including: at the product standards specification technical committees at the KEBS (Kenya Bureau of Standards), trade policy review with the National Committee on World Trade Organization [NCWTO], health and environment committees/boards. CIN has been actively involved in the development of the Biosafety Bill in Kenya and is a partner in the ongoing multi-country EC-funded project called Consumer Organisations and the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: Protecting the Consumer's Right to a Healthy Environment in the Developing World.

The Kenyan report was prepared by Emma Wanyonyi for CIN.

Consumers Lebanon defends consumer rights in Lebanon since 2000. Thanks to its action, a modern and efficient consumer protection legislation was ratified. Consumers Lebanon is an experienced and successful campaigning organisation: it has campaigned on a wide range of issues including food security, pollution, VAT, pesticides, drinkable water, Lebanon’s admission to the WTO and the establishment of a quarterly consumer price index. It also publishes a regular newsletter and runs a hotline where consumers can phone to report a complaint. Consumers Lebanon sits on a number of national committees and has become influential in terms of shaping public opinion. Its presence in the media is almost daily.

The report for Lebanon was prepared by Consumers Lebanon's staff lawyer Mohamad Al Darwish.

The Federation of Malaysian Consumers Associations (FOMCA) is a national non-governmental organisation, which is voluntary, not-for-profit, non-political, and civic oriented. It is the umbrella body for 13 consumer associations in Malaysia. FOMCA links the activities of consumers' associations in Malaysia and works together with the national and international levels towards strengthening consumer protection. FOMCA's main concern is not only value for money but more so, value for people. FOMCA also promotes through the purchasing power of consumers a ‘need-oriented’ development that will ensure socio-economic justice and environmental quality of life for all.

Mohana Priya from Standards Users of Malaysia, a FOMCA member group, was responsible for putting together the Malaysian report with contributions from Project Coordinator Jeremy Malcolm.

Colectivo Ecologista Jalisco (CEJ) is a not-for-profit and not party political NGO which was established in the city of Guadalajara in 1986. From its very beginning, CEJ’s areas of focus have been environmental awareness, public participation, the right to be informed and the coordination with other sectors of civil society to improve man’s impact on the environment and society. CEJ is a voluntary organisation comprised of inter-disciplinary teams of men and women who have a wide range of training and expertise.

The Mexican country report for CEJ was prepared by David López-García.

Founded in 1998, Atlas-Sais channels its activities through two commissions, each dedicated to a specific theme: consumer rights and consumer protection; environment and sustainable development. Its main activities consist in lobbying, educating and informing, creating awareness among specially-targetted groups, mobilising consumers, carrying out field projects with the purpose to encourage partnerships with public bodies and citizens’ participation. Atlas-Sais is currently chairing the Federation of Moroccan Consumer Associations (CAC-Maroc).

Cherry Gordon compiled the country report for this country, obtaining some expert review from New Zealand's Ministry of Economic Development. Cherry is a New Zealander who currently works as Research Outputs Liaison Officer, at Dixson Library at the University of New England in New South Wales, Australia.

The Consumer Awareness Organisation (CAO) based in Enugu, Nigeria is a voluntary, non-governmental and non-profit making organisation registered with the Corporate Affairs Commission in 2001 to protect the interests of consumers. By its activities, it ensures that consumers are not shortchanged in matters relating to products and services. A major aspect of its work is the creation of consumer awareness. It is believed that if consumers were made aware of their rights, they would be well-positioned to seek redress which in turn would compel providers of products and services to strive to attain excellence.

Felicia Monye, the Founder and National President of the Consumer Awareness Organisation (CAO) is a Law lecturer at the University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus with specialisation in Consumer Law. A Nigerian from Ubulu-Uku in Delta State, Monye, Felicia Nwanne possesses the following qualifications: PhD, University of Lagos, 2000, LLM, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 1986; LLB (Hons) University of Lagos, 1982; BL, Nigerian Law School, Lagos, 1983.

Bytes for All is a networked space for citizens in South Asia. It experiments, highlights and organises debate on the relevance of ICT to development activities. Bytes for All has more than 2000 subscribers and 10 admin members who literally run the network. Bytes for All do not have any formal structure, yet they undertake different projects on their personal capacity, survive themselves and then contribute some resources and time back to sustain the network.

Shahzad Ahmad from Bytes for All coordinated the completion of the Pakistani country report in collaboration with a local expert and researcher.

IBON is a not-for-profit development NGO committed to serving the Filipino people through various programmes of information, research, education and advocacy. For over two decades, IBON has become a widely-used and respected data source and think tank both in the Philippines and abroad.

Jennifer del Rosario-Malonzo has been with the IBON Foundation since 1996 and is currently a Policy Officer of IBON International, the international division of IBON. She previously served as IBON Partnership in Education for Development Head, Publications Head and Research Head. She is a member of the Management Board of the Southeast Asian Consumer Council. She has researched and written about various socio-economic and development issues for advocacy, education and policy-making, among them on WTO/trade and investment liberalization, agriculture and land reform, food sovereignty, development cooperation, indigenous peoples, education, and consumer welfare.

The South African country report was contributed by Tobias Schönwetter, Pria Chetty and Jenna Cuming. Tobias studied and practised law in Germany and San Francisco, USA, and holds an LLM degree (with distinction) from the University of Cape Town (UCT), South Africa. In February 2009, Tobias submitted his PhD dissertation at UCT on copyright-related issues, with a special focus on copyright exceptions and limitations. He is a member of the UCT IP Research Unit, teaches on copyright law at UCT and supports the law faculty's digital repository 'lawspace'. In addition, he is the legal lead of Creative Commons South Africa and a member of the Commonwealth of Learning's (COL) copyright expert group. He has been awarded with the prestigious UCT Research Fellowship Award for his doctoral studies in 2005, 2006 and 2007.

Pria is the Principal of Chetty Law in South Africa, where Jenna also works. Chetty Law has responded to the call for technology law services that address technology governance, compliance and risk management. This is achieved with their standard setting Contracts, Policies, Legal Opinions, White Papers, Guides and Training Events that speak to the technology and innovation legal questions faced by their clients.

The earlier 2009 edition of the South Korean country report was prepared by Consumers Korea. Created in 1983, Consumers Korea (CK) is one of the most active consumer organisations in Korea as well as globally. CK strives to create a safer and fairer market for consumers as well as an economy based on the principles of sustainable development and social economic justice. CK enforces consumers’ rights and represent their interests through the publication of a magazine, Sobija Reports, based on results from test and research; lobbying; campaigns and the provision of consumer advice.

The 2009 report was updated and revised for 2010 by Heesob Nam, a patent attorney since 1998, who in 2008 received an LLM from the Munich Intellectual Property Law Center. He has chaired Intellectual Property Left and the Korean Civil Society Coalition against KORUS (FTA on Intellectual Property Rights). Until 2007 he was a Partner of Horizon Law Group and Arbitrator for Korean Arbitration Service, Ltd, Internet Address Dispute Resolution Center. Heesob's work was performed with assistance from Borami Kim and Byoung-il Oh.

The Spanish country report comes from Celia Blanco, a volunteer with the Foundation for P2P Alternatives. The P2P Foundation is a pluralist network to document, research, and promote peer to peer alternatives. It aims to promote free cultural exchange by abandoning the innovation-inhibiting conceptions of pseudo-scarcity in the cultural world. The Foundation believes that peer to peer technology creates a new public domain, an information commons, which should be protected and extended, especially in the domain of common knowledge creation; and that this domain, where the cost of reproducing knowledge is near zero, requires fundamental changes in the intellectual property regime, as reflected by new forms such as the free software movement.

Mathias Klang, who prepared the country report for Sweden, currently works as a researcher and senior lecturer at the University of Göteborg. His research revolves within the field of legal informatics with particular interest in copyright, democracy, human rights, free expression, censorship, open access and ethics. He has published several articles in these topics.

Among his recent work is a co-edited volume (with Andrew Murray) entitled Human Rights in the Digital Age. In addition to this he defended his PhD thesis Disruptive Technology in October 2006. Mathias has been a Visiting Fellow at the London School of Economics and Political Science, a visiting researcher at the University of Trento and has worked as a legal expert dealing with questions of copyright and Open Access at the University of Lund.

Mathias is a coordinator of the Resistance Studies Network, he has been Project Lead for Creative Commons Sweden since 2004 and a member of the Free Software Foundation Europe team since 2006.

The Foundation for Consumers (FFC) was established in 1994 as a non-government and non-profit consumer organisation working directly with consumers to do policy and advocacy work. Originally, FFC started as a Coordinating Committee for Primary Health Care to coordinate health groups at the national level (1983). FFC is now the main leading consumer organisation in Thailand. It also helped to set up the Confederation of Consumer Organisations (CCOT), a non-governmental and non-profit network organisation comprised of 17 consumer organisations and groups around the country working on issues related to health, gender, agriculture, labour rights. FFC’s consumer magazine called Smart Buyer Magazine is an established bi-monthly magazine with more than 12,000 subscribers. FFC also established a Complaints and Legal Assistance Center in 1994 in conjunction with its magazine. Relevant complaint cases are then relayed to the mass media, in particular through the weekly one hour television programme called Consumers Assembly.

The Ukraine country report was prepared by Iryna Kuchma in conjunction with Oleksiy Stolyarenko. Iryna works with eIFL.net, Electronic Information for Libraries in the field of open access. eIFL.net is a not for profit organisation that supports and advocates for the wide availability of electronic resources by library users in transitional and developing countries. Its core activities are negotiating affordable subscriptions on a multi-country consortial basis, supporting national library consortia and maintaining a global knowledge sharing and capacity building network in related areas, such as open access publishing, intellectual property rights, open source software for libraries and the creation of institutional repositories of local content.

Oleskiy is an Associate at Baker and McKenzie specialising in copyright law, but worked for more than two years as the Senior Specialist of Copyright and Related Rights Division at State Department of Intellectual Property, and graduated from the State Institute of Intellectual Property and National Law Academy of Ukraine.

Consumer Focus was created in October 2008 through the merger of existing consumer bodies: National Consumer Council; Energywatch; and Postwatch. The organisation objectives are: to establish a single strengthened and streamlined consumer advocacy organisation to represent all consumers in Great Britain; to ensure adequate support for vulnerable consumers; and to create a more effective regime for consumer representation in the UK.

Saskia Walzel who prepared the country report for Consumer Focus has a BA in Politics and an MA in International Politics and Human Rights. She is working as Policy Advocate at Consumer Focus since February 2009. Her work focuses on copyright, particularly user rights, proportionate copyright enforcement and copyright licensing. Other work areas include sustainability and regulation. Before joining Consumer Focus she worked two years at Acona as corporate responsibility consultant. Prior to that she worked and volunteered for a range of organisations, including the CORE Coalition which successfully campaigned for the inclusion of social and environmental directors duties in the Companies Act 2006.

EFF is a donor-funded nonprofit organisation devoted to defending digital rights. EFF broke new ground when it was founded in 1990 – well before the Internet was on most people's radar – and continues to confront cutting-edge issues defending free speech, privacy, innovation, and consumer rights today. From the beginning, EFF has championed the public interest in every critical battle affecting digital rights.

Gwen Hinze is EFF's International Policy Director. Gwen is an attorney specialising in international intellectual property policy issues. She works on policy development and legal analysis for EFF's international programme, which focuses on educating global policy-makers about the need for balanced intellectual property regimes that protect creators, preserve access to knowledge, foster technological innovation, and empower digital consumers. Before joining EFF, she practiced in M&A, capital markets, and infrastructure law at the international Australian law firm, Allens Arthur Robinson, and worked for the Australian government in public policy and litigation. Gwen holds a Bachelor of Laws with Honours and a Bachelor of Arts with Honours from Australia's Monash University.

The 2010 U.S.A report was prepared by Gwen Hinze with assistance from EFF Senior Staff Attorney Fred von Lohmann and EFF Legal Intern Kathryn Hashimoto.

VINASTAS, the Vietnam Standard and consumers association, is a not-for-profit non government organisation working at the national level which was founded in 1988. Its mission is twofold: to promote standardisation and product safety and to improve consumer protection in Vietnam. Twenty eight province and city based consumer associations are members of VINASTAS. Its main activities are: contributing to national legislation and policies, consumer information, publishing (The Consumer), handling individual consumer complaints and campaigning for consumers in areas such as competition, fair trade, anti-fake goods, tobacco control and energy saving.

The Vietnamese report was prepared for VINASTAS by Dinh Thi My Loan, standing member of its Executive Committee, with the assistance of Tran Tan Minh of VIPA, the Vietnam Intellectual Property Association.

The contributor of the Zambian country report is Chris Zielinski. Born in London, 1950, of Polish/British nationality, Chris has been working with the World Health Organization since 2002, originally in Geneva, then Harare, and now Brazzaville, Congo, where he is responsible for developing a new African Health Observatory and editing the African Health Monitor. Earlier he spent four years in London as Chief Executive/Secretary General of the Authors Licensing and Collecting Society (the UK authors’ copyright society), six years with WHO/Egypt as Director, Health and Biomedical Information and eight years in FAO/Rome as Chief Editor. He has undertaken consultancy activities in strategy, partnerships, knowledge management, ICTs, ethics, communications, intellectual property, resource mobilisation and working with NGOs. With Gates Foundation funding, he compiled a directory of health information activities of NGOs. Launched ExtraMED, a CD-ROM collection of developing country biomedical journals (full text page images), and published 20 CDs before passing the ownership to Biomed Central.