Morocco
Legal background
| Copyright legislation | Loi N° 2-00 Relative Aux Droits D'Auteur et Droits Voisins, Promulguée par le Dahir n° 1-00-20 du 9 kaada 1420 (15 février 2000) ("Loi 2-00") | |||||
| Patent legislation | ||||||
| Other relevant laws | Loi n° 34-05 modifiant et complétant la loi n° 2-00 Promulguée par le Dahir n° 1-05-192 du 15 moharrem 1427 (14 février 2006) ("Loi 34-05") | |||||
| Loi N° 06-99 Sur La Liberté Des Prix Et De La Concurrence, Promulguée par le Dahir n° 1-00-225 du 2 rabii I 1421 (5 Juin 2000) ("Loi 06-99") | ||||||
| Dahir formant code des obligations et des contrats du 9 ramadan 1331 (12 septembre 1913) ("Contrats code") | ||||||
| Copyright treaties | Berne Convention | Rome Convention | Berne Appendix | TRIPS | WIPO Internet treaties | Paris Convention |
| Other treaties and trade agreements | Accords de libre échange avec l’Union du Maghreb Arabe ; l’Union Européenne ; le USA ; la Turquie ; les Emirats Arabe Unis et quadripartite (Tunisie ; Egypte, Jordanie) | |||||
Scope and duration of copyright
| Does copyright end immediately after the minimum period mandated by the Berne Convention? | Yes
La durée était de 50 ans après la mort du créateur dans la loi 2-00 puis étendue à 70 ans dans celle 34-05. |
Lois 2-00 et 34-05 |
| Has a court or tribunal ever limited the exercise of IP rights under competition law, for example by imposing compulsory licensing or regulating royalties charged by dominant rights holders? | No
Il n’y a pas de disposition dans la loi sur la concurrence qui traite de cet aspect. |
Loi 06-99 |
| Has a court or tribunal ever limited the exercise of IP rights pursuant to a bill of rights or similar human rights instrument, for example by preventing copyright from being used to stifle protected speech? | No
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| Can databases of non-original material be reproduced without infringing a copyright or sui generis database right? | Yes
La compilation de base de données n’est pas considérée comme une création et donc non protégeable. |
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| Are rights holders prohibited from excluding user rights under copyright law? | Yes
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Chap IV des loi 2-00 et 34-05 |
| Is computer software excluded from the scope of patentable subject matter? |
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Freedoms to access and use
| By Home Users | Is there any general user right that is based on a set of balancing criteria, such as a "fair use" right? | No
Les lois ne prévoient comme exception que la reproduction pour des usages privés d’une œuvre mais encore avec des restrictions. |
Art 12 des lois 2-00 et 34-05 |
| Is time, space and format shifting allowed (such as ripping music from CD to an MP3 player)? | No
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| Can consumers reproduce copyright material for their own use in the original format, for example for backup purposes? | Yes
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Art 12 des lois 2-00 et 34-05 | |
| Can works be communicated to a limited public (for example, family and friends) without infringing copyright? | No
L’utilisation personnelle est permise mais la communication à autrui est interdite. |
Art 12 des lois 2-00 et 34-05 | |
| For Education | May students copy works for private research or study? | Yes
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Art 15 des lois 2-00 et 34-05 |
| Does any such research and study provision cover distance and online education? | Yes
L’accès à ces resources doit etre limité et non ouvert au public. |
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| May translations of works be made for educational purposes? | Yes
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| May educators copy works for use in the classroom? | No
La publication sans licence est interdite de toute oeuvre protégée. |
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| Online | Are temporary or transient copies, incidental to a lawful use, excepted from copyright? | Yes
Les lois l’autorise en spécifiant les conditions. |
Art 13 des loi 2-00 et 34-05 |
| Does the law exclude or limit the liability of intermediaries such as ISPs for copyright infringements carried out on their network? | Yes
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| Is Internet access free of ISP filtering or monitoring for potential copyright-infringements? | No
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| By content creators | Is there any protection for consumers who non-commercially remix or mash up copyright works? | Yes
A condition que l’auteur soit cité (droit moral). |
Art 13 à 17 des lois 2-00 et 34-05 |
| May computer software be reproduced or transformed for the purpose of reverse-engineering interoperable software? | No
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| Is the incidental inclusion of a work in other material permitted? | No
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| Is there are copyright exception for parody or satire? | Yes
A condition que l’auteur soit cité (droit moral). |
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| By the press | Is there a copyright exception for the news of the day? | Yes
A condition que l’auteur et éventuellement la source soient cités (droit moral). |
Art 19 des lois 2-00 et 34-05 |
| May copyright material be reproduced for the purposes of review and criticism? | Yes
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| May quotations be used for any purpose? | Yes
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| By Libraries | May libraries copy works if they cannot reasonably be obtained commercially? | Yes
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Art 16 des lois 2-00 et 34-05 |
| May librarians copy works for users for the purpose of research or study? | In part
Le copiage de l’oeuvre ne doit pas être intégral. |
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| Are libraries allowed to make preservation or archive copies of materials in their collections? | Yes
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| Can lending libraries operate without incurring public lending rights fees to copyright owners? |
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| By disabled users | Is it permissible to copy or adapt work for the use of those with disabilities? | No
Il n’existe pas de texte qui autorise cela. |
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| In public affairs | Are laws excluded from copyright? | Yes
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Art 8 des lois 2-00 et 34-05 |
| Are other governmental works either excluded from copyright, or routinely shared under permissive licences? | Yes
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| Are the results of publicly funded research required to be published under an open access licence? | No
Même ces résultants sont protégés. |
Freedoms to share and transfer
| Do copyright owners have the right to release their works to the public domain, without any limitation on how those works may be used? | No
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| Can public domain works be used without the need for any payment or registration of the use? |
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| Does the law make special provision for the legal use of orphaned works? | No
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Art 11 lois 2-00 et 34-05 |
| Is parallel importation of copyright works permitted? | No
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| Are there national programmes or policies to promote the use, production or dissemination of openly-licensed material such as free and open source software or open educational resources? | No
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| Are there national programmes or policies that specify or promote the use of open document formats? | No
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Administration and enforcement
| What is the maximum penalty for copyright infringement for an individual? | 80.000 US Dollars environ | Art 64 loi 34-05 |
| What is the maximum penalty for copyright infringement for a corporation? | Il n’ y a pas de distinction entre un individu et une institution | Art 64 loi 34-05 |
| Is innocent infringement of IP treated differently by the law? | Yes
La loi précise que l’amende est d’environ 160.000 US Dollars pour un professionnel (utilisation commerciale). |
Art 64 loi 34-05 |
| Is the creation or distribution of devices that can circumvent technological protection measures (TPM) permitted, where such devices can be used for legal purposes? | No
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Art 65 loi 34-05 |
| Is the use of such devices by consumers or intermediaries permitted in the legal exercise of user rights? | No
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Art 65 loi 34-05 |
| Does national copyright or consumer protection law require that the effect of TPMs distributed with copyright works be disclosed to consumers? | No
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| Are there cases in which the availability of injunctive relief for IP infringement is limited by the law on public policy grounds? |
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| Does the law protect a user's Internet access from being suspended for alleged copyright infringement, except after a hearing in court? | Yes
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| Are criminal sanctions limited to cases of large-scale commercial counterfeiting? | No
La loi prévoit l’emprisonnement jusqu’à 4 ans (en cas de récidive en l’espace de 5 ans) même si l’échelle de la contrefaçon reste commercialement limitée. |
Art 62.2 loi 34-05 |
| Are damages for copyright infringement limited to the loss sustained, rather than a pre-established or statutory damages award? | In part
En cas de difficulté à évaluer les pertes; il est procédé à une indemnité forfaitaire évaluée par le juge dans le cadre de la procédure de droit civil (code des obligations et des contrats). |
Art 62.b loi 34-05 |
| Is there provision to penalise the wrongful allegation of copyright infringement? | Yes
Ceci se fait dans le cadre de la procédure de droit civil (code des obligations et des contrats). |
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| Is there provision to penalise the obstruction of consumers' exercise of user rights? |
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| Does the patent system allow for pre-grant opposition? |
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Recent or upcoming changes
Summary of position
| Le système juridique marocain en matière de protection des droits d’auteur est très restrictif permettant peu d’exceptions en faveur des consommateurs. Il n’existe pas non plus de mesures incitatives pour rendre accessible aux consommateurs les matériaux protégés par les droits d’auteurs. Toutefois les dispositions prévues ne sont pas très effectives et peu de cas de poursuites pour infractions sont engagés envers les contrevenants. Les conditions socioéconomiques de la majorité des marocains ne leur permettent pas d’accéder légalement aux matériaux protégés. Les autorités se limitent à des actions sporadiques médiatisées. Il n’y a pas de programme et de plan d’action mis en œuvre pour combattre les atteintes aux droits d’auteurs. Peu de cas sont par conséquent enregistrés au niveau des tribunaux et on ne peut parler de jurisprudence en la matière.
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